zornscience

Notes, practice, and resources for each AP Chemistry unit and topic.

Units and Topics

• Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties
  • 1.1 Moles and Molar Mass
  • 1.2 Mass Spectra of Elements
  • 1.3 Elemental Composition of Pure Substances
  • 1.4 Composition of Mixtures
  • 1.5 Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration
  • 1.6 Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  • 1.7 Periodic Trends
  • 1.8 Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds
• Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties
  • 2.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
  • 2.2 Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy
  • 2.3 Structure of Ionic Solids
  • 2.4 Structure of Metals and Alloys
  • 2.5 Lewis Diagrams
  • 2.6 Resonance and Formal Charge
  • 2.7 VSEPR and Hybridization
• Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures
  • 3.1 Intermolecular and Interparticle Forces
  • 3.2 Properties of Solids
  • 3.3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
  • 3.4 Ideal Gas Law
  • 3.5 Kinetic Molecular Theory
  • 3.6 Deviation from Ideal Gas Law
  • 3.7 Solutions and Mixtures
  • 3.8 Representations of Solutions
  • 3.9 Separation of Solutions and Mixtures
  • 3.10 Solubility
  • 3.11 Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
  • 3.12 Properties of Photons
  • 3.13 Beer-Lambert Law
• Unit 4: Chemical Reactions
  • 4.1 Introduction for Reactions
  • 4.2 Net Ionic Equations
  • 4.3 Representations of Reactions
  • 4.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
  • 4.5 Stoichiometry
  • 4.6 Introduction to Titration
  • 4.7 Types of Chemical Reactions
  • 4.8 Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions
  • 4.9 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
• Unit 5: Kinetics
  • 5.1 Reaction Rates
  • 5.2 Introduction to Rate Law
  • 5.3 Concentration Changes Over Time
  • 5.4 Elementary Reactions
  • 5.5 Collision Model
  • 5.6 Reaction Energy Profile
  • 5.7 Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms
  • 5.8 Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law
  • 5.9 Pre-Equilibrium Approximation
  • 5.10 Multistep Reaction Energy Profile
  • 5.11 Catalysis
• Unit 6: Thermochemistry
  • 6.1 Endothermic and Exothermic Processes
  • 6.2 Energy Diagrams
  • 6.3 Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium
  • 6.4 Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
  • 6.5 Energy of Phase Changes
  • 6.6 Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction
  • 6.7 Bond Enthalpies
  • 6.8 Enthalpy of Formation
  • 6.9 Hess’s Law
• Unit 7: Equilibrium
  • 7.1 Introduction to Equilibrium
  • 7.2 Direction of Reversible Reactions
  • 7.3 Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant
  • 7.4 Calculating the Equilibrium Constant
  • 7.5 Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant
  • 7.6 Properties of the Equilibrium Constant
  • 7.7 Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
  • 7.8 Representations of Equilibrium
  • 7.9 Introduction to Le Châtelier’s Principle
  • 7.10 Reaction Quotient and Le Châtelier’s Principle
  • 7.11 Introduction to Solubility Equilibria
  • 7.12 Common-Ion Effect
• Unit 8: Acids and Bases
  • 8.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases
  • 8.2 pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases
  • 8.3 Weak Acid and Base Equilibria
  • 8.4 Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers
  • 8.5 Acid-Base Titrations
  • 8.6 Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases
  • 8.7 pH and pKa
  • 8.8 Properties of Buffers
  • 8.9 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
  • 8.10 Buffer Capacity
  • 8.11 pH and Solubility
• Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry
  • 9.1 Introduction to Entropy
  • 9.2 Absolute Entropy and Entropy Change
  • 9.3 Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability
  • 9.4 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control
  • 9.5 Free Energy and Equilibrium
  • 9.6 Free Energy of Dissolution
  • 9.7 Coupled Reactions
  • 9.8 Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells
  • 9.9 Cell Potential and Free Energy
  • 9.10 Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions
  • 9.11 Electrolysis and Faraday’s Law